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绿坝的英文名称为Green Dam
中文谐音：滚蛋
Chinese government's decision to provide computers with software packages for filtering online pornographic contents has received cautious welcome from PC makers, yet many Internet users are skeptical of the software's capacity.
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) on Tuesday announced that all computers produced or sold in China after July 1 would be installed with the software package combining Green Dam and Minor Escort programs.
各国采取措施净化网络空间
来源：国际在线专稿
国际在线报道（记者 韩曙 张敏 许欣）：从7月1号起，中国境内生产销售的计算机在出厂前，将预装一款名为“绿坝－花季护航”的上网过滤软件。工业和信息化部称，这是为“避免互联网不良信息对青少年的影响和毒害”而采取的举措。虽说现在各方人士对工信部的这种做法还存在争议，不过从全球来看，随着越来越多的青少年上网，如何净化网络空间，保护青少年免受不良信息的侵害，已成为一个世界性话题。不少国家也在采用各种措施，来加强网络安全管理，以保护青少年。
网络色情文化对青少年的负面影响，在美国也一直是个热门话题，怎么样保护青少年免受不良网上信息的影响，在美国是一个比较让人关注的话题，因为网络已成为美国青少年的家庭生活、学校教育及社会活动中极大的组成部分。据皮尤互联网和美国生活项目2005年的一项调查，美国12岁至17岁青少年当中，有87％使用互联网。网络把越来越多的美国青少年从运动场吸引到互联网上，他们也正在成为互联网暴力的受害者。研究表明，玩游戏所受到的暴力影响与看电视相似，而有关专家指出，网络暴力比电视暴力还要危险，因为它提供了互动的情景，让人有机会亲身体验暴力的“快感”。
目前美国防范暴力、色情等网络不良文化危害青少年的手段主要有两种。一是立法。从1996年至今，美国联邦政府通过了4部相关法律：《通讯内容端正法》、《儿童在线保护法》、《儿童网络隐私规则》和《儿童互联网保护法》，这里说的儿童是特指18岁以下的未成年学生。这些法律最根本的出发点是区别对待儿童和成人，保护儿童不在网上遇到只有成人才能接触的内容。其次是软件分级制度。这个分级制度由美国的娱乐软件定级委员会制定，分为两个部分：一部分是位于游戏产品包装背面的内容描述，用特定的词组描述游戏画面所涉及的内容，如暴力、血腥以及游戏中人物对话是否粗俗等；另一部分是位于游戏包装正面的等级标志，共分7个级别，基本按年龄划分，以游戏适合的年龄段英文字首来命名。
尽管有了这些措施，网络文化对美国青少年的负面影响仍然存在，而由此产生的各种暴力和犯罪事件也层出不穷。有专家指出，网络不良文化毒害青少年，不仅仅是网络管理层面的问题，与社会文化、教育体制及商业运作都有很大关系，因此单靠在网络管理上采取措施，并不能解决根本性的问题。
在我们的邻国韩国，也采取了一些措施，来保护青少年的上网安全。韩国采取的措施还是比较多的，也是比较严格的。比如说，韩国各个网站都要求申请网站邮箱或聊天账号的用户填写详细的客户资料，而且要求填报的是真实姓名、住址、身份证号、职业等详细信息。为杜绝虚假信息，网站对每个申请人的姓名和身份证号核实无误后，才提供邮箱或账号。可以说，韩国实行的是网络实名制。通过这种方式，可以对上网聊天和发送电子邮件的用户真实资料进行备案，防止不法之徒利用虚假信息从事网络犯罪。另外，对于17岁以下没有身份证的青少年，网站在获取青少年详细信息后，会通过向手机发送密码的方式确认使用者身份。由于韩国手机在销售时必须有身份证明，网络管理部门在需要时可以通过与手机运营商合作，追查上网者的真实身份，对未成年者加强管理，提供保护。
网络实名制的实行，对企图通过网络从事不法活动的人来说是一种威慑。特别是在不适宜青少年浏览的网站，由于规定使用者浏览前必须填写准确的身份证号码和姓名，从而在一定程度上将这些网站与未成年人隔离，也让那些在网上发布有害信息的网民三思而行。网络实名制是韩国网络管理最大的特点，成为网络安全的基础。
为了健全网络管理法规，韩国政府近年来陆续通过了一系列的法律，其中《电信事业法》明确规定，传播淫秽信息、通过黑客手段攻击电脑和网络、传播电脑病毒等属于非法行为，应严格禁止。此外，政府还对相关青少年保护的法律进行了修订，增添了与网络有关的内容。如新修改的《青少年保护法》规定，19岁以下及高中以下学生禁止在晚上10点后出入网吧，从而杜绝青少年在网吧彻夜不归的现象。除了法制保障，政府还积极倡导民间自律和监督行动。为了在青少年中树立正确的网络伦理观，韩国相关部门还在小学、初中的德育教科书和高中的道德、市民伦理、电脑等教科书中增添了有关网络伦理的内容。
欧盟非常重视青少年的网络安全问题，并为此投入巨资，来解决这一问题。去年10月，第三个网络安全计划得到了欧洲议会和欧盟理事会的批准，这个计划耗资达5500万欧元，它将焦点锁定在了为未成年人打造更加安全的网络环境上，主要包括这几个方面：比如提高儿童、家长和教师对网络的认识，支持网站为他们提供安全上网的咨询服务；比如各成员国设立网络举报中心，以便公众举报网上非法及有害的内容和行为，特别是对儿童性虐待和欺凌的内容与行为。此外，计划还鼓励未成年人采取自我管理措施，参与创造一个更加安全的网络环境的活动，同时打算建立一个研究网络技术和新技术风险的知识基地，确保未成年人安全地使用这些技术。
今年2月10号，欧盟委员会重拳出击，与全球17家知名网络服务提供商共同签署了《保证未成年人上网安全协议》。这17家网站以协议的形式明确了各自对未成年群体所担负的社会责任，并同意采取这些措施：第一，设置一个专用按键，当使用者在网上遭遇他人的不当接触时，只需点击一下便可实时上报网络管理员；第二，将注册为不满18岁的网络用户的全部个人资料及其联系人名单默认为“不公开”；第三，确保网民无法通过其它途径查找到未成年用户的个人资料；第四，对不满年龄条件的用户使用服务做出限制。可以说这些措施还是取得了一些不错的效果的。
Anti-porn Filter Software Stirs up Disputes in China
Chinese government's decision to provide computers with software packages for filtering online pornographic contents has received cautious welcome from PC makers, yet many Internet users are skeptical of the software's capacity.
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) on Tuesday announced that all computers produced or sold in China after July 1 would be installed with the software package combining Green Dam and Minor Escort programs.
Sources with the ministry revealed on Wednesday that all the computers to be on sale in China's rural areas at an average of 13 percent discount from the government's subsidies have been preloaded the software packages making the total number of preloaded computers exceed 50 million.
After the ministry selected the two filtering programs from a public bidding last month, it has asked all primary and secondary schools to install the software.
So far 20,967 primary and secondary schools had installed the software in some 2,618,000 computers and more than 6,957 websites have installed the software in their computers.
The ministry on Wednesday insisted that its notice to the PC makers and sellers does not mean the software's installation to user's operating system is mandatory, instead, the software package should be installed on either the hard drives or a compact disc with the computers.
"We only provide an option for the computer users, especially the parents of minors," said Zhang Chenmin, general manager of Jinhui Computer System Engineering Co. Ltd., developer of the Green Dam.
"The only thing that PC makers should do is to preload the package into their computer's hard drives, which will not activate the software programs," he said.
The users could choose whether installing or not, Zhang said, promising that the software will not be a tool spying into the user's personal information.
The ministry spokesman Liu Lihua said that the software could be switched off and uninstalled by computer users.
China's PC giant Lenovo Wednesday continued to refuse giving an official comment on the ministry's policy. But a senior sale's manager said preloading the software package would not bring decline for their PCs.
"Some customers do consult us about whether the software will collect their personal information and I don't believe it will happen," Gong Guozheng, manager in charge of Lenovo's marketing in universities and colleges said.
"I think the software will not disturb regular customer's surfing and it will not compromise our marketing plan," he said.
However, Chinese scholars challenged the ministry's policy even though the government's intention to keep minors away from porn and violent contents is sincere.
"I have the freedom to decide whether or not to install a locker to my home," Dr. Ma Guangyuan with Chinese Academy of Social Sciences said, "parent's worry about their children's porn-free environment is reasonable, but this is not an excuse for asking all new computers to be preloaded with the software because I can use it by myself."
Lv Jingjian, a director with China Computer Federation, said there should be a public hearing if the government wants the public to use a uniformed software package.
A scholar named Ou Muhua also questioned that why the ministry did not publicize the public bidding for the porn-filtering software before the Tuesday's announcement.
"The filtering function of the Green Dam and Youth Escort is not a new technology and many free anti-virus software could also provide similar services," Ou said in a comment in Wednesday's China Youth Daily.
More than 40 million yuan has been spent in buying one-year long use of the software, but "how did the ministry conduct the public bidding and why didn't it publicize the process of the bidding?" he questioned.
"If many users do not use or uninstall the anti-porn software after they buy the computers, that would be a huge waste of tax payer's money," Ma Guangyuan said.
Qiu Baochang, a senior attorney with China Consumers' Association, defended the government's policy, saying that a public hearing was not necessary since the 40 million yuan was from the central government's budget which had already been approved by the top legislature during its annual session.
新闻联播上传来新画面：领导慈祥地问小学生：＂用绿坝上网了吗？＂小学生天真作答：＂我们都爱用，现在上网很绿很和谐！＂领导：＂家里现在都有谁呀？＂＂我和我妈。＂＂爸爸呢？＂＂搬去邻居家了＂＂为什么呢？＂＂爸爸说他们家电脑是旧的！＂
